Roll No.: 5
Enrollment No:
PG15101005
Email Id:
zarnabhatti10@gmail.com
Assignment Topic:
The Roll of Institutional Context and time in Teacher
Education.
Submitted: Smt S.B
Gardi Department of English Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji
Bhavnagar
University.
Year: 2015-2017
Introduction:
Second Language
Teacher Education: Unit:4, ch:10- by Freeman. Freeman's
view about
Second Language(L2), the gap between teacher education and
knowledge
construction, different strategies of teacher education and role of
Institute and time.
What is Second
Language Teacher Education?
Second Language(L2)
Teacher Education describes the Field of Professional
activity
through which individuals learn to teacher L2. (As per Freeman's
view)
Second Language teacher education (SLTE) is book by C.Richards
and David
Nunan. In this text they provides a detailed about current
approaches to the
education of second language. Teacher education is
also connected with
teacher development.
Formal Activities
are generally referred to as teacher training. Experienced
teacher,
individual basis are referred to as teacher development. The shifting
ground of terminology has plagued L2 teacher education for at least
the past 30
years. The four-word concept has tended to be an awkward
integration; as per
relative emphasis has shifted the focus among
these four words has migrated
from thus capturing the evaluation in
the concept of L2 teacher education in the field.
Here content is
second language, person is the teacher and process of learning
means
ultimate goal of the learning process is education.(Freeman's view)
The field of teacher
education is a relatively under-explored one in both Second
and
Foreign language teaching. The Literature on teacher education in
language
teaching is slight compared with the literature on issues
such as methods and
techniques for classroom teaching.- Richards and
Nunan 1990.
In teacher education
role of time and place are very important tools. These are
basic
things in teacher education they are necessary part of any
educational
field.
Institution is very
important and basic step of education because from the very
beginning institution plays a vital role for learner as well as teacher. Time
is also
another important step; because of time teacher and learner
both learn
something.
They three are
connected with each other, now we deeply understand that how
institution and time are imortant in teacher education.
The
Role of Institutional Context:
Firstof
all what is institute?
Institute is a kind
of organization having a particular purpose; another meaning
is place
for advanced learning. (Encarta Dictionary)
Prior knowledge in
teacher education has lead directly to serious
reconsideration of the
role of institutional context in learning to teach clearly
teacher-learners's idea about teaching stem from their expeiences as
students in
the context of schools; similarly their new practices as
teachers are also shaped
by these institutional environments. One big
question is;
What is the role of
schools in learning to teach?
What is the role of
institute in education system?
Answer of these
question is – institutional environments can shape impede,
encourage, or discourage new teachers. Classrooms, Students and
Schools have
been seen as seating practice in which teacher-learner
can implement what they
are learning or have learned in formal
teacher education.In
teacher education
teacher-learner learn how to teach; in
institutional context teacher learn and teach both
the things
together. Role of the institution has been much more central.
As
researchers have looked at schools are more effective than others.
Institute is
organized within a defined set of formal and informal
beliefs, values, roles, and
behaviors. Institute is mixture of so
many things main is sociocultural forces and values
are also a part
of institutions.
An
institution therefore refers to:
1) The setting of the activity-
design, location and
anything that is removed from that many
influence.
2) The structure of the activity- the various restrictions
that are added to or removed to activity is organized.
3) An attitude
of the members- the various policies, rules, roles, hierarchies of
the members.
4) In role of institutional context teacher education
inplace Freeman and other thinkers gave examples and exemplified the
things;
For
example: in the late 1980s drawing on work in the sociology of
education,
researchers began to investigate the notion of schools as
‘technical cultures’ (Rosenholtz 1989) Kleinsasser and Sauvignon
1992: 293 define these cultures as;
“the
processes designed to accomplish an organization’s goals and
determine how work
is to be carried out”. This
research as well as
other work in teacher cognition has helped
to establish that learning
to teach is not simplified a matter of translating ideas
encountered
in teacher education setting into the classroom. (Freeman and other
researchers’ idea)
Clark
and Peterson 1986 they talk about TESOL
TESOL:
Teaching English to Speaker of Other Language.
Main
two types of institutes I) Formal institute and II) Informal
institute.
1.
Formal institutions: Are defined by the agenda,
mission, statement, objectives,
values and behaviors of the business,
service or organization. These are generally set out
by a code of
ethics and behaviors that can be used to measure the outcome of the
institution; these institutions….
Provides
the role of the business, service or organization within society for
this
information questions are also related with this that what is
its role?
-Defines
the way business, service or organization functions within society
when how
does it doThird is about business that is boundaries of the
organization when does it do
it?
-
Defines the role of the members in institute who does what?
This
all factors are related with context of place in education. Process
of
institutionalization starts within our family, we can plan and
work toward future and
those institutions are a part of the
background. The amount of restrictions in the person’s
life depends
on the institutional care as well as the skills and resources of the
service or
educational institute.
Goff
man acknowledge that the concept of a “ total institution”
is a concept only that
institutions can never be total but can be
positioned on a continuous from open to closed.
Goff man uses the
term “institution” to describe the building, the idea of
institutionalized context is observed by Goff man and other
researchers as well.
‘It
is also interesting that a person is not considered institutionalized
where the
experiences and outcomes of the institutionalized care are
positively valued.’
2.
Informal
institutions:
It
allows the members or groups to function within the organization.
These kind of
institutions may according what the members do within
the organization. These
institutions are informal because they are
more about the way these members and the
groups interact with each
other rather any formal policies, rules or regulations.
These
informal institutions could also be described as the social systems
of organization
or community.
-
Departments
-
Divisions
-Policies
The
institutions of each layer also determine the way community functions
within
society. Institutional project which engage an entire school
or academic department in
rethinking and reworking
all aspects of its work or once which link schools tend to adopt
a
systemic approach to schools tend to territory teacher education
institutions in
professional development and educational change.
(Fullan-1991-93)
These
initiatives are predicated on the notion that teacher educational
change, because of
this education field achieves their goals.
This
change holds that no single, discrete entity can be fully understood
apart from
complex whole of which it is an integral part.
The
whole concept provides the context without which ourknowledge of the
part is
necessarily limited, (Clark-1998:64) concept of school and
social process of schooling
this entire process, and idea given by
(Freeman and Johnson. 1998)
The
Role of Time:
In
second Language Teacher Education role of time is another important
tool.
Appropriate time for teacher learner is three year. In this
time teacher-learner
learns so many things. This three are basic year
of teacher education. Freeman and
other scholars idea are presented
here; If school as institutions provide teacher
education with a
context in space, teacher-learners’ personal and professional lives
offer a similar context in and through time. Here researchers’ talk
about prior to
the work of Lortie(1975) and others, the nation of
teachers’ professional life spans
was not a major concerns. Major
research and conceptualizations by Berliner
(1986), Huber man (1993)
and others served to establish the concept of professional
development throughout a teacher’s career. This concept definite
stage in the
development of knowledge and practice. It is clear that
at different stages in their
For
example: this research shows novice teacher
Novice
teacher means
those who have less than three year classroom experience. Those
classroom and controlling student.
On
these concerns another expert teachers tend to concern themselves
with the purpose
and objectives of their teaching and how they may be
accomplishing them.Expert teacher
means those who have five or more
than five year’s experienced in classroom. One of
the basic
contexts of teacher education is time also, in that many things are
necessary in
the role of time; strategies of reflection,
self-assessment, inquiry, and particular research
may be more suited
for these learners of teaching.
Conclusion:
In
time between specific needs and broad professional development. In
place between
the school and teacher education institution here main
point in knowledge between what
teacher learners believe and what
should they know. That will always be central in the
provision of
teacher education providers of teacher education can account of time,
place
and prior knowledge in their programme designed so in teacher
education context of
time and place both are very important steps.
Thank You...
Works cites :-
http://drashtidave1315.blogspot.in/search?updated-min=2014-01-01T00:00:00-08:00&updated-max=2015-01-01T00:00:00-08:00&max-results=8
you have well explained the topic.
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